AI.
In the world.
Robots, vehicles, drones. Explore how Europe’s enterprises use AI for autonomous machines.
- 01Autonomous machines
- 1.4 %EU average · 2025
- 02Large enterprises
- 8.6 %250 or more persons employed · 2025
- 03Robot use
- 6.3 %2022 · not a measure of AI use
Source & scope
AI for autonomous machines, EU average 2025: 1.4 % (0:10)
Physical AI controls machines based on observations of their surroundings: for example, robots, self-driving vehicles or drones. Eurostat surveys how many enterprises use these AI technologies.
Source: Eurostat, isoc_eb_ai, last updated June 15, 2026
Enterprises with 10 or more persons employed, all activities except agriculture, mining and the financial sector
Perceive, plan, act
How an AI-driven machine turns observations into decisions and movement.
Perceive
Cameras and sensors observe the surroundings.
Plan
The AI analyses what it observes and decides what to do.
Act
The machine moves, grasps an object or drives.
Back to perception
The figures at a glance
| EU average | |
|---|---|
| Enterprises using AI for autonomous machines | 1.4 % 2025 |
| Large enterprises using AI for autonomous machines (250 or more persons employed) | 8.6 % 2025 |
| Enterprises using robots | 6.3 % 2022 |
| Industrial robots | 4.9 % 2022 |
| Service robots | 2.2 % 2022 |
Over time
Only years with survey data are shown: AI since 2021, excluding 2022; robot use in 2018, 2020 and 2022.
AI for autonomous machines
| Year | EU average |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 0.9 % |
| 2023 | 0.9 % |
| 2024 | 1.0 % |
| 2025 | 1.4 % |
Source: Eurostat, isoc_eb_ai, last updated June 15, 2026
Enterprises with 10 or more persons employed, all activities except agriculture, mining and the financial sector
Use of robots
| Year | EU average |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 6.7 % |
| 2020 | 6.9 % |
| 2022 | 6.3 % |
Source: Eurostat, isoc_eb_p3d, last updated July 17, 2025
Enterprises with 10 or more persons employed
Context & limitations
- Robot use is not a measure of AI adoption. Many industrial robots follow fixed programmes.
- The data count enterprises, not machines. They do not show how many robots or vehicles each enterprise uses.
- Enterprises with fewer than 10 persons employed and agriculture, mining and the financial sector are not covered.
- We deliberately do not show projects or announcements by individual manufacturers.
All countries: AI for autonomous machines
| COUNTRY | AI for autonomous machines | Use of robots |
|---|---|---|
| Austria | 1.6 % 2025 | 5.4 % 2022 |
| Belgium | 3.0 % 2025 | 10.2 % 2022 |
| Bulgaria | 0.7 % 2025 | 3.3 % 2022 |
| Croatia | 0.7 % 2025 | 4.3 % 2022 |
| Cyprus | 0.5 % 2025 | 1.7 % 2022 |
| Czechia | 1.1 % 2025 | 5.9 % 2022 |
| Denmark | 4.4 % 2025 | 11.6 % 2022 |
| Estonia | 0.8 % 2025 | 5.6 % 2022 |
| Finland | 2.7 % 2025 | 8.9 % 2022 |
| France | 1.7 % 2025 | 7.3 % 2022 |
| Germany | 1.5 % 2025 | 5.2 % 2022 |
| Greece | 0.4 % 2025 | 1.9 % 2022 |
| Hungary | 0.9 % 2025 | 3.9 % 2022 |
| Ireland | 0.8 % 2025 | 3.5 % 2022 |
| Italy | 1.0 % 2025 | 8.7 % 2022 |
| Latvia | 1.3 % 2025 | 5.1 % 2022 |
| Lithuania | 2.8 % 2025 | 4.8 % 2022 |
| Luxembourg | 1.7 % 2025 | 4.6 % 2022 |
| Malta | 1.8 % 2025 | 7.2 % 2022 |
| Netherlands | 2.4 % 2025 | 6.2 % 2022 |
| Poland | 0.7 % 2025 | 4.3 % 2022 |
| Portugal | 1.4 % 2025 | 7.6 % 2022 |
| Romania | 0.7 % 2025 | 2.5 % 2022 |
| Slovakia | 0.9 % 2025 | 6.7 % 2022 |
| Slovenia | 1.4 % 2025 | 6.6 % 2022 |
| Spain | 1.6 % 2025 | 8.6 % 2022 |
| Sweden | 1.1 % 2025 | 6.8 % 2022 |